Acids and Base : Important Notes for SSC EXAM

Dear Readers,
In this article we have discussed about the Acids and Bases for SSC Exams and various scientist theories which support the concept of acid and base. Generally one question comes from this topic.
Organic Acids are those acids which are obtained from plants and animals. e.g. lactic acid, oxalic acid, acetic acid.
Mineral Acids are those acids which are obtained from minerals.e.g. sulphuric acid and phosphoric acid.

Arrhenius concept of acids and bases:

• Acid is a substance which produces hydrogen ions in aqueous solution e.g. HCL (H⁺ Cl^-), Sulphuric Acid,H₂SO₄ (2H⁺ SO^2-₄).
• Base is a substance which produces Hydroxide ion (OH^-) in aqueous solution e.g. sodium hydroxide and ammonium hydroxide etc.

Bronsted Lowery concept of Acids and Bases

• An acid is a molecule or ion which is capable of donating a proton.
• A base is a molecule or ion which is capable of accepting a proton.

Lewis concept of Acids and Bases

• An acid is a substance which can accept an electron e.g. boron fluoride (BF₃) and carbon dioxide.
• Base is a substance which can produce an electron e.g. fluoride (F^-) and chloride (Cl^-).

Some important acids and their presence

These acids are mostly asked in SSC Exams. Don't forget to remember this table.

Acid	Present in
Acetic Acid	Vinegar
Formic Acid	Red ants
Citric Acid	Citrus Fruits
Lactic Acid	Curd
Ascorbic Acid	Amla
Tartaric Acid	Grapes, Ripe Mangoes
Oxalic Acid	Spinach

PH Scale

• PH value is a measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution.
• Solution with PH value less than 7 is considered as acidic.
• Solution with PH value greater than 7 is greater 7 is considered as basic.

PH values of some important solutions.

Substance	PH Value
Blood	7.3 to 7.5
Tears	7.4
Saliva	6.5-7-5
Urine	5.5-7.5
Coffee	4.5-5.5
Beer	4.0-5.0
Wine	2.8-3.8
Vinegar	2.4 -3.4

Buffer Solutions:

• The solutions which resists the change  in its PH value on addition of a small amount of acid or base  are called buffer solutions.
• Acidic buffer solution has PH value less than 7.
• Basic buffer has PH value greater than 7.
• PH value of blood is maintained with the help of H₂CO₃/HCO₃ buffer inspite of many acidic foods we eat.

Salts:

• When acidic and basic solutions are mixed in proper proportion than their own nature is destroyed and Salt is formed.
• Acid turns blue litmus red and base turns red litmus blue.
• Formation of salts after mixing base and acidic is called as neutralisation reaction.

All the Best for Exams

Team AIMSUCCESS