IMPORTANT PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES
1. ALGOL
Created in 1958, ALGOL stands for
Algorithmic Language. This was one of the first attempts made to create a
programming language that could be used on different machines.
Today, the use of ALGOL is minimal
but the roots of many major programming languages could be traced back to it.
2. COBOL
COBOL–Common Business-Oriented
Language–was created on 1959 and it found its use in heavy business systems
like insurance, banking etc.
Even today mainframe computers
running in government departments, banks, nuclear power stations use COBOL and
it’s still being produced and developed.
3. FORTRAN
Created in 1957, Fortran–named
after Formula Translator–could be considered the first general-purpose
programming language that was used for heavy-duty scientific computing.
Today, it still finds its use
among the scientific community, physicists, and engineers.
4. ADA
Named after the programmer Ada
Lovelace, ADA is an object-oriented programming language that’s extended from
languages like Pascal.
Developed in 1980, this
programming language, is used in military and air traffic control due to its
safety provisions.
5. PL/I
Created in 1964 and introduced in
1969, PL/I stands for Programming Language One. Invented by an IBM
committee , this language lost its favor in 1970s. However, PL/I is still
used in IBM System/360 mainframes due to IBM’s dominance in tech.
6. PASCAL
Named after well-known
mathematician Blaise Pascal, this language was created in 1968 that peaked in
1980s. One of the most popular descendants of ALGOL, Pascal is still taught
as object-oriented programming at many places.
7. LISP
Lisp, first created in 1958,
stands for List Processing. It’s the second-oldest high-level programming
language that finds its use even today.
Talking about the contemporary
presence, Lisp is a popular programming language in AI field.
8. C
Designed by Dennis Ritchie, C is
one of the most influential programming languages of all time. This portable
language is known for its speed that can be used to access lower level layers
of a system.
Mother of many other programming
languages–Python, PHP, Perl, MATLAB–C is also used to write a large chunk of
Unix, Windows, and Linux operating systems.
9. C++
C++ is a general-purpose and
object-oriented programming language that was created between 1979 and 1983.
There are tons of software–ranging
from games, office suits, video players and even operating systems–that are
written in C++. There are high chances that the popular software that you use
in daily life are written in C++, C, or objective-C.
10. JAVA
Developed by James Gosling at Sun
Microsystems, Java first appeared 21 years ago in 1995. It follows an
object-oriented model and is simpler to use than one of its influencers C++.
World’s most popular mobile
operating system Android is written in Java. Also, Java continues to power
millions of client-server web applications and establishes itself as the most
popular programming language.
11. JAVASCRIPT
Designed by Brenden Eich, then
working at Netscape, in 10 days in 1995, JavaScript is a high-level and dynamic
programming. This language is often referred as “language of the web.”
JavaScript, HTML, and CSS are one
of three core technologies that are used to produce web content. It’s supported
and used by all modern web browsers.
12. C#
C#, pronounced as C Sharp, was
developed by Microsoft in 2000. It was designed for use in Redmond’s .NET
framework. This simple and object-oriented programming language is used to
build a variety of applications that target Windows environment.
13. SCALA
Invented by Martin Odersky in
2004, Scala’s was inspired by the criticism of Java. This general purpose
programming language emphasizes a lot on functional and static aspects. It’s
one of the most popular JVM scripting languages. Scala also finds use in data
science.
14. PYTHON
Created by Dutch programmer
Guido van Rossum, Python was designed with an aim to write simple and readable
code.
Python is one of the most popular
programming languages that allows one to write code in fewer lines. It’s a
great language for teaching programming at school. Python is used by
organizations like Google, NASA, Yahoo, and CERN. It also finds major
applications in the scientific community, data mining, and AI field.
15. SQL
SQL, or Structured Programming
Language, was designed by Donald D. Chamberlin and Raymond F. Boyce.
Originally based on tuple
relational calculus and relational algebra, this special-purpose programming
language is widely used as a standard for relational database management
systems.
16. RUBY
Ruby–a dynamic, general purpose,
and object-oriented programming language–was developed in 1990s
by Yukihiro “Matz” Matsumoto.
Influenced by Perl, Ada, Eiffel,
and Lisp, Ruby comes with automatic memory management and supports multiple
programming paradigms. Ruby, along with its web framework Rails, is used to
create web applications easily.
17. PHP
PHP was designed by Rasmus Lerdorf
in 1994, PHP originally stood for PersonalHome Page. However, now it stands
for Hypertext Preprocessor.
This general purpose programming
language is one of the most commonly used technologies in server-side
development. It’s used to make dynamic websites and establishes itself as the
backbone of WordPress.
18. R
R is the most popular programming
language when we talk about statistical computing, data mining, and
mathematical data analysis. It was designed by Ross Ihaka and Robert Gentleman
in 1993.
19. GO
Go, or Golang, was created by
Google in 2009 to handle its backend servers and networking applications. Go is
also an attractive tool to make automation tools for developers. This fast
programming language follows Unix’s principle of “Do one thing. And do it well.
20. SWIFT
Introduced in 2014, Swift was
developed by Apple. This was developed as a replacement of
Objective-C. Today, Swift is one of the fastest growing programming
languages that finds its use in creating iOS, macOS, watchOS,
and tvOS applications.
21. VISUAL BASIC
Visual Basic is often taught as a
first programming language today as it is based on the BASIC language developed
in 1964 by John Kemeny and Thomas Kurtz. BASIC is a very limited scope language
and was designed for non-computer science people.
Some
more programming language mentioned below
