HPPSC Shimla has announced the official notification for the HP PGT Chemistry posts on its official website. The Candidates are searching for the HPPSC Lecturer (School-New) Chemistry Syllabus and HPPSC PGT Chemistry Exam Pattern to start their preparation. & in this Post, we are going to discuss the detailed syllabus of HP PGT Chemistry.
HPPSC Lecturer (School-New) Chemistry Qualification:-
MASTER DEGREE in BIO-CHEMISTRY/MASTER DEGREE in CHEMISTRYand BACHELOR DEGREE in B.ED (EDUCATION)/BACHELOR DEGREE in TWO YEARS INTEGRATED M.SC. ED. COURSE
Scheme of Examination –
Selection to various Class-III posts falling under the preview of the Commission shall be made as per the rules/instructions of the Government which presently stipulates that the same shall be done on the basis of written examination/test (Computer Test / Offline Test) only. In all such cases, selection will be done by the Commission by subjecting the applicants to two types of papers having objective type Multiple questions (MCQ) with negative marking for incorrect/ wrong answers in the following manner:
HPPSC PGT Chemistry Exam Pattern
Note: This paper will be a qualifying paper only and candidates are required to obtain 35% pass marks in this paper.
HPPSC PGT Chemistry Syllabus (Paper -II)
1. Some
Basic concepts
of Chemistry:
Scope of
Chemistry:
Historical approach
to nature of matter - states of matter, properties
of matter and its measurement, S. I system of units, Uncertainty in measurements, dimensional analysis,
Laws of chemical combination, atomic
and molecular masses,
Mole concept and molar
masses, percentage composition, empirical and molecular
masses, equivalent weight, concept of limiting reagent
2
States of Matter:
Gases, liquids and solids,
3 states of matter, types of intermolecular
forces.
The laws governing ideal
gas behaviour, Dalton's law of partial pressure, Kinetic molecular
theory of ideal gases, Maxwell
Boltzmann's distribution law on molecular motion, real gases- deviation from ideal behaviour, and vander Waals equation.
Liquid and their properties.
Solids: Classification of solids, fundamental types of lattices,
two and three-dimensional lattice types, Simple crystal structures, Transformation of crystal structure on varying
temperatures, Bragg's law, density in solids, energy
band, band gaps, semiconductors, magnetic and dielectric
properties, stoichiometric and non-stoichiometric defects in solids.
3
Structure
of Atom:
Structure of Atom
(Classical Theory), Dalton's atomic theory, Bohr's
model of atom, Structure of atom (modern theory}, de Broglie's
relationship, Heisenberg's uncertainty principal, Classical wave equation,
Schrodinger's wave equation,
Probability distribution curve,
Quantum numbers, Pauli's exclusion principle,
Aufbau principle, Hund's rule of maximum multiplicity.
4
Equilibrium:
Reversible
reactions, criteria of equilibrium, Law of mass action, equilibrium
constant, Kc and Kp ,
Le Chatelier principle, Ionic equilibrium, Ostwald's dilution Law,
solution of acids, bases, ionic equilibria in solution, Common ion effect
- its application to qualitative analysis, acids and bases, Bronsted-
Lowry theory of acids and bases, Lewis concept of acid and bases, relative strengths of acids and bases, their
quantitative estimation, buffer solution and its use. determination of pH, theories of indicators,
conductometric titration, Solubility product, hydrolysis.
5.
Surface Chemistry:
Adsorption, absorption, sorption,
Physical adsorption, Chemisorption adsorption. isotherms
(Freundlich, Langmuir), application of adsorption, types of Catalysis theories of catalysis, classification of colloids, preparation of Colloidal Solution
(lyophobic and lyophilic),
Special characteristics of colloidal solutions.
electrophoresis, Precipitation of colloids - Hardy Schulze law,
multimolecular and macromolecular colloids, Emulsion and Gels.
6
Chemical Kinetics:
Theories of reaction rates,
rate of reaction ,
molecularity and order of
reaction, Fast reactions- Luminescence and energy
transfer process, reaction mechanisms(Simple and complex
reactions).
7
Redox Reaction and Electrochemistry:
Oxidation
and reduction, redox reaction and its
application, oxidation number, Strong and weak electrolytes, activity coefficient, conductance and conductivity, Kohlrausch law, resistance and resistivity molar conductivity,
equivalent conductivity, Qualitative and quantitative aspect of electrolysis. electrochemical cell and electrolytic cell, Electrode and electrode potential and standard electrode potential,
Electrochemical series and its applications, Nernst equation and its application,
Equilibrium constant and EMF of the cell.
8 Solutions:
Solution and its types,
expression
of concentration of solution, solubility and factors affecting the
solubility of a solid in a liquid (temperature and pressure), Vapour
pressure of a liquid, Raoult's law for both volatile
and non-volatile solute.Ideal and non-ideal solution, Colligative properties, abnormal molecular masses
and Van't Hoff factor.
9
Chemical bonding
and Molecular Structure:
Valence electrons
and Lewis structures, Ionic bond,
Covalent bond, Bond parameters,
Co-ordinate bond, polarity and dipole
moment, Quantitative idea of - valence bond theory,
molecular orbital theory (LCAO), Concept of hybridization involving
s, p, d orbitals, Hydrogen bond, Resonance.
10.
Thermodynamics:
Macroscopic properties of the system, modes of
transfer of energy between system and surrounding, Phase transition, phase rule and phase diagram, First Law, second law and third
law, of thermodynamics. Internal
energy and enthalpy
of the reaction, their measurement and application,
spontaneity of process, Entropy and spontaneity, Helmholtz and Gibb's free energy, Thermodynamics of electrochemical cells.
11.
Classification of elements
and periodicity in properties:
Significance of classification,
a brief history of the development of the periodic table, periodic laws, name of the elements with 2>100 according to IUPAC system, classification of elements into s,
p, d, f -block elements and their characteristics,
Periodic trends in the properties of elements - Ionization enthalpy,
Electron gain enthalpy, electronegativity, atomic radii, ionic radii, periodicity of valency
or oxidation state.
12.
Hydrogen:
Position of Hydrogen in the periodic table,
occurrence, isotopes, Preparation of hydrogen, on small and commercial scale, hydrides, water, hard and soft water, heavy water, hydrogen peroxide,
hydrogen economy, hydrogen as a fuel.
13.
General principles and processes of isolation of elements and s-block elements:
Principles and methods of extraction, oxidation and reduction as applied to the extraction procedures of Al,
Cu, Zn and Fe. s - block elements, general introduction -
Electronic configuration, occurrence,
Anomalous properties of the first element of each group,
diagonal relationship, Trends in variation
of the properties, reaction of alkali and alkaline earth metals.
Preparation & properties and uses of some important compounds: - sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium chloride, sodium
hydroxide, calcium hydroxide
and calcium carbonate, industrial uses of lime and
lime stone, biological importance of sodium,
potassium, magnesium and calcium.
14.
p - Block Elements:
Electronic configuration, variation in physical
and chemical properties of groups 13 to 18, physical and chemical properties of borax, boric acid,
boron hydride, silicones, preparation and uses,
preparation, properties and uses of nitrogen, ammonia, nitric acid and oxides of nitrogen,
phosphorus - allotropic forms, preparation and properties
of phosphine.phosphorus pentachloride and phosphorus trichloride,
preparation, properties
and uses of oxygen and ozone,
hydrides and halides of 16 group elements, their structure and nature.
allotropic forms of sulphur-
their preparation, preparation, properties and uses of sulphur
dioxide, industrial preparation of oxo-acids
of sulphur, preparation and properties of halogen and halogen acids, inter halogen
compounds, pseudohalide ions. Oxo-acids of halogens, their structure and nature, preparation, properties and uses of xenon fluorides,
oxides of xenon and xenon oxo
fluorides.
15.
The d - and
f. Block Elements:
General introduction, electronic configuration and general trend in the
properties of first-row transition metals like metallic
character, ionization enthalpy, oxidation states, ionic radii, coloured
ion formation, catalytic properties, magnetic properties,
oxides, halides and sulphides
of first-row transition metals,
complex compound formation
etc. Preparation, properties and structures of KMn04 and K2Cr2
07, lanthanoids and actinoids.
16.
Co-ordination Compounds and
organometallics:
Meaning of coordination compounds, Werner's theory,
ligands - their types, IUPAC nomenclature of coordination compounds, isomerism, bonding in coordination compounds, colour, magnetic properties and, stabilities of coordination compounds.
Chemical and biological importance of coordination
compounds, metal carbonyls: preparation, properties and bonding,
organometallic compounds and their classification.
17.
Organic Chemistry:
Some
Basic Principles and Techniques: General Classification of organic compounds, Shapes of organic
compounds- Hybridisation (sp, sp2,sp3), Structural representation of organic molecules, Functional groups,
and Homologous, series. Common or
trivial names, nomenclature of aliphatic, aromatic and substituted aromatic compounds.
Isomerism: Structural and Stereo Isomerism
Fundamental Concepts in
Reaction Mechanism: Cleavage
of covalent bond, Types of attacking species, electron movement in organic
reactions, electronic displacement in a covalent bond and types of organic reactions.
Methods of purification of organic compounds: Qualitative analysis,
Quantitative analysis. Estimation
of the elements and determination
of empirical and molecular
formula.
18.
Hydrocarbons:
Classification of hydrocarbons.
Alkanes: Conformations (Newmann and Sawhorse formulae), Physical properties,
Chemical reactions
Cycloalkanes: Preparation,
physical and chemical properties, stability
of cycloalkanes
(Bayer strain theory), chair and
boat forms of cyclohexane.
Alkenes:, the
structure of double bond, geometrical isomerism, physical properties,
methods of
preparation, chemical reactions.
Alkadienes: Classification
of dienes, Preparation of conjugated dienes,
Chemical properties (1,2 and 1,4- addition to conjugated dienes).
Alkynes:,
the structure of the triple bond, physical properties,
methods of preparation Chemical properties, Acidic nature of alkynes
Aromatic Hydrocarbons:, Structure of benzene, resonance, aromaticity (Huckel's rule) Chemical properties, mechanism
of electrophilic substitution direct influence of substituents
in monosubstituted benzene.
19.
Environmental Chemistry:
Environmental pollution, Atmospheric pollution, Tropospheric
pollution (Air pollution), and Major air pollutants. Control
of air pollution, Smog (Chemical and
Photochemical smog), stratospheric pollution: Ozone layer and its depletion,
Acid rain,
Green House Effect and Global warming, Water pollution, Soil pollution and
Industrial waste.
20.
Haloalkanes and
Haloarenes:
Classification,
methods of preparation of haloalkanes and haloarenes. their physical
properties, tests to distinguish between
alkyl and aryl halides,
mechanism of SN1 and SN2 reactions, and elimination reactions
(Saytzeff Rule, E1 & E2
mechanism).Poly halogen compounds: Preparation and properties.
21.
Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers:
Classification,
preparation, properties and uses,
tests to distinguish between
primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols.
Distinctions between alcohols and phenols. Preparation of ethers,
physical and chemical properties.
22.
Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids:
Structure of carbonyl group,
preparation of aldehydes and ketones, physical
and chemical properties and uses, tests to distinguish between aldehydes and ketones .Preparations of carboxylic acids
preparation properties and uses.
23.
Amines (Organic
compounds containing nitrogen ):
Classification, Structure of amino
group, preparation, Physical, Chemical properties,
tests to distinguish between primary, secondary and tertiary
amines
24.
Polymers: Polymerization & classification of polymers based on:
Origin, structure, molecular
forces, mode of polymerization. Addition
polymerization Condensation polymerization (Step-growth polymerization)
Preparation of condensation polymers Synthetic
and natural rubber and vulcanization, Determination of the
molecular mass of polymers: Polydispersity index(PDI) Bio-degradable
polymers like PHBV.
25.
Biomolecules(Biochemistry):
Carbohydrates: Classification of
carbohydrates, Structural determination of glucose and fructose on the basis of their chemical properties, Open chain (Fischer)
structure, cyclic structure(Haworth form), D and D forms of glucose,
Mutarotation, anomers and epimers,
Chemical reactions of glucose, Reducing and non-reducing sugars,
Configuration of glucose
and fructose. Disaccharides Sucrose, Haworth representation of disaccharides, Polysaccharides,
Starch, Cellulose, and amylopectin structures, Functions
of Carbohydrates in living organisms. Carbohydrate metabolism,
glycolysis, electron-transport chain,
Proteins: Amino acids, Zwitter ion!
so-electric point, peptides
and peptide bond. Fibrous proteins, Globular proteins and their functions, Primary, Secondary (Helix and
pleated sheet structures) and tertiary structure
of proteins, denaturation and renaturation, Enzymes,
specificity and mechanism
of enzyme activity,
coenzymes, applications of enzymes.
Nucleic acids: Nucleosides,
Nucleotides, Structure of ATP, Photosynthesis
(Light and dark reactions) Primary
and Secondary structure of DNA (Double Helix structure) , biological
functions of nucleic
acids, Replication, Protein synthesis (Transcription, Translation, mutation), genetic code, genetic errors, Vitamins, classification, diseases caused by the
deficiency of vitamins, Hormones (steroid hormones and non-steroid hormones) and their
functions
26.
Chemistry in Everyday Life:
Drugs and medicines. designing a drug, drug metabolism, classification of drugs, enzymes as drug targets, action of drug through drug receptor interaction, types of drugs: Antipyretics. Analgesics. antiseptics, disinfectants. tranquilizers, antimicrobials, antibiotics(Narrow spectrum and broad spectrum antibiotics), antifertility drugs, antihistmmines, antacids. Chemicals in food, Food preseivatives. artificial sweetening agents, Soaps and detergents, Preparation soaps(Saponification) and detergents, cleansing action of soaps, advantages of detergents over soaps, OeodorantsEdible colours, antioxidants.